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旧 May 14th, 2010, 15:34     #1
witty
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默认 谈谈历史的、文学的、生活的真实

按西方惯例,凡上法庭等进行举证,为防欺诈编造,举证者不仅必须明告身份,而且要发誓举证的绝对可靠,并出示相关证据(必要时列举证人)。

常见互联网上对狂热鼓吹西方一套的反毛人士,在同类控罪性的网络“举证”中,却可以在自身匿名发言状态下,煞有介事不厌其烦地讲述其在毛时代“亲历”的种种“黑暗、悲惨”;还赌咒发誓他的“亲身经历”“绝对可靠”;谁要认为是假的,那么认为者必须承担举证的责任。

明眼人都知道:在控诉者一无公开身份、二无具体时间地点当事者姓名、三无旁证者等关键信息可供查核的情况下,“谁怀疑、谁举证”的要求,根本就是编造“亲身经历”者一个非常荒谬离谱的推诿。

令人发笑的是,去年本人回老家面晤原无锡市中青年社会经济发展研究会(类似1989年幕后策动指挥八九事件的“北京市中青年社会经济发展研究会”之右翼民间团体)“自由派”骨干时,对方把我在网上拜读过无数次的流行性热门故事,当作自己的“亲身经历”,作为说服我这个昔日自由新右派“叛徒”的确凿证据理由——比如“下乡时生产队搞‘忆苦思甜’,发言人说着说着就开始讲60年大饥荒悲惨……”之类(谁要核查可提供相关真实姓名和电子邮址)。有心人不妨上网搜一下,看看也多少反毛网痞在以不同的网名,在世界各地的中文网站上,不停地以同样的语言、同样的“亲历者”身份,一本正经地讲述着同样的故事。

本人在过去10年中不断揭露这类编谎者的无耻编造之同时,跟反毛网右的“三无”拙劣行径形成鲜明对照,在作者有名有姓、有时间地点、有当事人和旁证者姓名经得起核查前提下,也经常讲述一些本人亲身经历的“历史真实”,来证明毛时代的伟大、合理、人性人道与公正公平。例如曾在网上广泛流传、如今被害怕历史真相被披露者删得所剩无几的《向萧武介绍文革后值得怀念的国企状况》、《加美面包影碟和中国产品价格之比使人心头滴血》、《就“反革命”父亲的转变和某工人乐队命运再谈本人为何左转》…… 等几十篇文章。

本人试图恢复历史本来面目的努力,不仅仅局限于对个人亲身经历的回忆复述。因为在整个历史长河中,每个人的“个体经历”再怎么复杂、全面、完整,其实都具有极大局限性。如果以偏概全,即使一字不差地讲给现代人听,难免使人产生错觉,误把你所摸到的大象尾巴或耳朵之类印象,当作“大象就像绳子扇子”之类来理解。

而“通过在典型化的环境中创造典型化人物”这一现实主义文学创作方式,通过全面搜集分析掌握第一手原始创作资料,以是否符合“典型的真实”作为唯一尺度,力求更为客观全面忠实反映社会历史和现实的小说家们,就能有效超越上述社会个体经历阈限,更为深刻揭示反映历史和社会的本质。

所谓“典型的真实”(即“”文学的真实”),与“生活的真实”,既有联系又有很大区别。譬如小说家在构筑一个悲欢离合故事时,如把小说中某恶人物患癌症死亡,作为一个情节要素来描述,则不仅大致符合“生活的真实”,也符合“典型的真实”。因为癌症病人绝大多数存活率不高乃是公识,符合“文学概括性”原则也符合人们一般的常识。但如果作者把被陨石击中写成小说人物死因,即使作者百分之百地掌握了相关“生活原型”的“第一手资料”,因为现实生活中被陨石击中致死的机率,毕竟微乎其微,这样的“生活真实”,一旦被搬进文学作品,就会被视作违反了“典型的真实”和“文学的真实”。

比如,以广大北美移民的亲身经验来对照分析,类似美国华人王立山那样的新移民,在美国那样的“典型环境”中,以自身弱势地位和国内外受学时期给公众留下的“典型性格”印象,真会有违常理常规地诬告医院的老板和同事么?即使这种被美国司法系统认定是“诬告”,确实发生了,如果把这种很不靠谱的“陨石砸死人”之“生活的真实”,原汁原味地搬进了文学作品,无论是专业的小说评论家,还是非专业的绝大多数小说读者,恐怕均会觉得小说违反了“文学真实”的基本要求。

源于生活但必须高于生活,小说作者在生活细节拮取上,必须采用通例而非特例,乃是现实主义文学创作必须遵循的基本原则之一。而80年代初泛滥成灾的“伤痕文学”,为达到涂黑毛时代的政治要求,基本上都采用了采用(甚至编造)特例的做法,以偏概全、真假混杂的手法,误导读者与公众舆论。比如,某名作家的作品中,就有“革命小将占领医院后为突出政治,竟然临时不许尚未离岗的“反动学者权威型”大夫接生孩子”之情节。而真正熟悉哪个时代的人,即使不排除这类特例的发生,但按照1966年文革初期的政治空气,责令该大夫老老实实做好每个接生手术、如果做坏了就会视为对抗文革治罪的机率,一定会更高更普遍。因为按照当时流行的“为人民服务”教条,没有哪个医院主管者,无论是当权派还是取而代之的“革命小将”,均不会希望看到自己接收权力后就医疗事故频生。在特定政治路线鼓动下,这类最基本的政治和生活常识,就被“伤痕文学”作家们,用普及“陨石砸死人”之类“生活特例”的手法,肆无忌惮地颠倒颠覆了。

其实,对比小说界无良新右作家以及《南方周末》《炎黄春秋》等著名反毛亲美报刊上姓名公开者的所作所为,网络亲美反毛人士在匿名状态下的胡编乱造、指鹿为马,或许并不太过分。

而本人出国后用十余年时间,在多伦多最大的Reference Library和多大东亚图书馆等搜集大量文革原始资料,对照本人老家和江苏、上海、河南、四川、浙江、安徽、广东、新疆等各地文革历史实情,十易其稿至今仍在修改编写英文版的《血火痴情——不为人知的另类文革故事》,首版以后,最具体实在的正面肯定和评价,不仅来自海内外左翼思想界人士,更来自跟本人基本思想立场格格不入的著名右翼学者。这在被左右对立高度撕裂的整个中国思想学术界和文学界,都是一个绝无仅有的特例。所有疯狂反毛贬毛或拥毛赞毛的回顾文革作品,都遭受对立左派或右派的无情攻击。唯有本人力求在“在典型化环境中创造典型人物”的回原历史努力,超越派系之争不仅至今未受到自由新右派的任何指责攻击,在“四五天安门事件”、“西单民主墙”和“八九民运”中均担当重要角色的所谓“民运三朝元老”陈子明先生慨赐封页题词,厦门大学哲学系退休教授、资深自由派人士张小金不吝笔墨写了数千字的正面长篇评论文章。

什么叫“公信力”呢?本人作品不仅能够得到左、中、右思想大腕们的一致肯定,得到远在外地的文革经历者的共鸣,而且能得到网络上很多素不相识读者发来的热情洋溢的电子信……,或许,这可算得上本人可以引以为自豪的“公信力”吧?

此帖于 May 14th, 2010 16:14 被 witty 编辑。

“多伦多太极拳推手角”
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感谢 witty
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GOOODGUY (May 14th, 2010)
旧 May 14th, 2010, 16:46     #2
witty
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默认

引用:
作者: 宋祖德 查看帖子
明眼人都知道:在控诉者一无公开身份、二无具体时间地点当事者姓名、三无旁证者等关键信息可供查核的情况下,“谁怀疑、谁举证”的要求,根本就是编造“亲身经历”者一个非常荒谬离谱的推诿。

--------网上ID是合法常态,这是基本常识. 你用的也是真名实姓. 因此也是匿名. 这是事实, 不要打自己的嘴巴。.……这里不是法庭, 提醒一下.你在这里也是"三无人员"...


----请具体反驳””幕碑. 扬作为新华社记者化了十年工夫, 走访了很多地方, 查了很多资料.你在这里没讲一个历史事实.没用.
可笑,这里是在讨论合法非法吗?——明明是讨论“实名见证”可靠与“匿名见证”的不可靠!

本老李发表此文,就算在华枫公开全面地亮相了。

希望华枫反毛派中,也有像美国多维网那些“民运”头目们的类似级别者(这里有吗?),敢光明正大地站出来,以对等条件与真实身份跟鄙人对阵交锋。

”幕碑”之类,在美国网右大本营多维网上,被我驳斥得体无完肤,辩护者们无言以对,最后只能躲避之。

嘿嘿,鄙人从10多年前强国论坛起,曾转战有“天下第一坛”美称的《天涯纵横》(被封杀后才有《关天茶舍》之冒起)、右坛重镇《中国世纪》、《燕南》……等,横扫千军如卷席。《凯迪猫坛》、王怡等办的《宪政论衡》等,不得不对老夫封杀至今来维持其不经一驳的话语权。 《关天茶舍》更是封、复无数回,弄得我现在已经没心情再跟这些嘴上满口“自由”、实际上却彻头彻尾的独裁专制势力周旋。

老夫现在对参与太极拳讨论更有兴趣;只在华枫小右实在闹得不像样时,才偶动小指轻磕之。
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旧 May 14th, 2010, 17:02     #3
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默认

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首先请witty 说明是小说还是历史考证.

"革命现实主义与浪漫主义", 现实主义再加个革命, 外加浪漫主义. 嘿嘿,

不过, 这里可以给witty 的书做个广告,也是个好事情. 我还给汉奸的书做过"广告"呢
啥叫“典型的真实”、“文学意义上更高的社会真实”?拙文即使已有简介,遗憾你仍理解不了。

简单再说一下,经过典型概括的“真实”即使作者没有亲历,即使依据对历史真实的可靠把握纯属虚构,素不相识的读者,也会有似曾相识的感觉,甚至会跟他们亲身经历过的事情重合。

拙书虚构的“抢夺广播站”情节,就曾收到海外右坛《新观察》大腕网右(可是反毛派哦)来信告知,其在南京上大学期间,就发生过类似文革情景。

这,就是现实主义文学创作方法的高度概括能力和现实穿透力。希望我不是再次对牛弹琴。
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旧 May 14th, 2010, 17:16     #4
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默认 拙书非流行“文革史”论文,但即使按对立派评论哪个更可靠啊?

文革的另一半真相 ——读李宪源的小说《血火痴情》

张小金

毛泽东曾经说过一句话:“历史是由胜利者写的”。这与“胜者王侯败者寇”的中国特色历史观有些相通。但不知他老人家是否预测到,他一生所干的两件大事,在他身后不久就被后来的“胜利者”肯定一件否定另一件呢。
中国历史上的“胜利者”所写的历史,除了叙事的“胜者立场”之外,还往往将事实加以剪裁。最通常的做法,十件事情只告诉你其中三五件。这样一来,即使这几件事情说的全是真话,真相也就被掩藏了一半。远的不论,以我这个年龄段的人少时所能读到的“抗日战争”和“朝鲜战争”的历史书来说,得知的“真相”主要就是“国民党只反共不抗日”,“美帝国主义发动侵略战争被中朝人民打败”。不过,由于还有另一方保留了另一些历史信息,我们后来才慢慢有机会得知另一半真相。
与此相比,了解文革史的真相就更难了。原因之一,是作为败者的一方完全丧失了话语权和话语空间而失语了。好在这些年,逐渐有一些海外的文革研究,部分弥补了这一缺陷。但这些理论和实证研究,往往只为少数学者知晓。而文学作品,特别是小说,往往有较多受众因而影响更大。在这种意义上,我很看重旅居加拿大的李宪源先生的文革小说《血火痴情》(诺曼出版社)最近的公开出版。小说以锡城这个中等城市1966年至1968年文革群众运动的全景描写,为我们展现了被主流文革叙事遮蔽的另一半历史真相。


真相之一:文革造反是“奉旨造反”

与通常简单地否定不同,小说对文革造反派在客观描写的基础上采取了辩护的立场。我认为他的辩护有两个维度:第一是造反的程序合法性,第二是造反的道义合法性。
官式文革叙事,将造反派定位是完全受林彪、“四人帮”操纵或挑唆。而小说以大量事实表明,此说难以成立。最高领导人毛泽东号召,给清华红卫兵写信,写“炮打司令部”的大字报。不仅如此,执政的中共中央发了文革(1966年5月16日)《通知》,通过了“文革16条”,以及数不清的文革官方文件。为此,作者甚至不顾小说类文艺作品的大忌,大量加以引用或者加注。如果掌权集团自己开会决定要别人做某事,以后又来追查做事人的责任,这样的做法未免不太厚道吧。当然其中事情复杂,支持者与镇压者也未必是同一批人。但群众造反大体上是“奉旨造反”却是基本事实,无法否定的。

真相之二:文革造反原因与49年前造反类似

小说揭示出,文革造反的深层原因在于客观存在的社会矛盾,在这点上,66年的造反与49年前的造反是类似的。这就替文革造反提供了某种道义合法性的辩护。
作者通过小说人物的话语表达的逻辑是:“国民党认为大清政府很腐败,才起来革命,才起来造反;共产党认为民国政府很腐败,也就起来革命造反,把几万万同胞都搭进去”。“造反派凭什么起来造反呢?理由就是一些共产党的领导干部不行,占了江山忘了本,同国民党的大官一样,脱离了人民,骄奢淫逸,贪利好色,一心要往资本主义道路上面奔。”
从造反者来说,小说的主人公之一、烈士子女苏南工学院的王小燕在回答为什么造反时说:“因为我们对革命先辈用鲜血和生命换来的江山,抱有强烈的革命责任感!因为我们对党、对毛主席,抱着一片赤胆忠心!”
而从当权派来说,锡城市委副书记武遥面对文革初期苏南工学院的情况,回忆自己49年前“在江南大学搞学运时的情况”,发现当年学校里学生支持国民党和三青团与同情共产党和支持学运的情绪、心理与比例,与此时支持工作组和心想造反派的,几乎没有大区别。
而在67年“二月镇反”之后,武遥也反思了群众造反的深层原因:“是什么东西,在那么短短几个月中,就使一个原来平平静静的城市,一下乱起来的?是哪些矛盾因素使一半市民,统统站到了所谓的反动组织红总一边去了呢?”“这些矛盾,长期以来被掩盖了,不为我们党的好多领导干部所注意重视。数十万人呼啦一下出来造反,本来是可以使人清醒,促使我们吸取教训,改进工作。……如果不从根本上作改变,这种回避矛盾、掩盖矛盾的稳定,只能稳定一时,不能稳定长久。”他的反思实际上揭示了文革造反的社会矛盾。没有这种矛盾,再有人号召,再有人挑唆,也不会有那样轰轰烈烈的群众造反热潮。
从社会上的造反组织“石下草”兵团很多人有家庭与历史问题的纠葛,兵团头头葛富林为“内定右派”、“破坏军婚分子”和“四类分子”子女叫屈的描写,也反映导致群众造反的另一些社会矛盾。小说借马进之口说,全国军队普遍执行“带枪的刘邓路线”,带有某种不可避免的因素。而在我看来,文革中军队支保的更普遍因素正是这种根深蒂固的“血统论”思维。
作者以这种方式证明,毛一生所作的两件事情,是有联系的,是继承性的。说他第一件事情完全正确,第二件事情完全错误,逻辑上是大可怀疑的。正因为此,无论从什么立场和什么目的出发,完全否定文革造反,最终就一定会走到否定49年造反的路上去。

真相之三:文革造反的直接原因是反政治迫害

小说还写到文革造反的直接原因,那就是反政治迫害。我认为作者这里点出了文革造反更重要的道义合法性。
从66年5月16日文革开始到7月中毛泽东回到北京,这50多天究竟发生了什么事情,一直是官式文革叙事语焉不详着意回避的。当一些青年学生响应号召起来向当权派贴大字报时,却普遍遭受了与57年反右派运动类似的处境。
小说描写在1966年的夏天,当苏南工学院的一些学生和教师,按照中共中央通知的精神起来造反时,却受到了市委陆书记及其市委工作组的镇压。为首者王小燕、周和复等被打成“反党小集团”,许多人受到株连,成了“黑干将”、“黑爪牙”、“同谋者”。哲学教师马进,不仅自己成了“黑后台”,连他妻子也被牵连成了“黑内助”。他们“一举一动受人监视,出门上街,连进厕所都受盯稍,来往的信件被检拆,没日没夜地被逼着写检查交代!遭受沉重的政治压力。”
“这一场‘反干扰’运动,声势之浩大,涉及范围之广阔,竟好象是重新回到了1957年”。
这样,作者就把57年的“右派”鸣放和反右派运动,与66年夏天的贴当权派大字报和“反干扰”联系起来加以比较。作者写到:“局势的发展,一切都跟反右运动相类似:开始时公开鼓励向党内的掌权者进行挑战,然后是在背后层层传达‘中央精神’,‘引蛇出洞’,然后‘发动反击’”。作者的意图很明显,66年的造反派与57年的右派是类似的。只不过,这一次被引诱出洞的“牛鬼蛇神”,好象经过了上一次打击之后,有了一种免疫力,一种抗药性;虽然不是同一批人,但是在“类”的传种接代意义上,却显得更顽固,更有坚韧性。
此外,作者还大胆描写了57年右派在文革中的表现和命运。他重点写了作为“右派”妻子的凌漪的冤屈与善良,写了作为共产党员转业军人和工人代表的奚大雄帮她“翻冤案”及其感情悲剧,还描写了普通民众对她的同情。这也是文革造反阶段,全国各地都有一些右派及其家属参加或支持造反的真实反映。
如今,57年“右派”已经被官方平反,而且被海外普遍看重,可是66年的造反派如今还带着“历史反革命”的帽子,也为海外舆论所普遍误解和否定。
历史真相的这一页不仅被官式文革叙事所遮蔽,也为不少右派本人所回避。在这种意义上,这部小说的叙事特别难得。
因此,文革造反还有了一个更加有说服力的理由:反政治迫害。用今天的话来说,只是对于被剥夺了的最基本人权的捍卫和追求。当年轻学生仅仅是因为有限地使用自己言论自由的宪法权利就被限制人身权利并遭受镇压时,为什么他们起来捍卫自己合法权利的非暴力行为没有合法性呢。

真相之四:文革十年多数时间是造反无理。

今天的年轻人和海外读者,都以为文革十年就是造反派不断闹事迫害革命干部和知识分子等,却不知道一个简单事实:所谓“造反有理”的时间只有短则数月长则一、二年,其他多数时间是“造反无理”的。
不说前面已经提到的运动初期,造反者普遍受压。只说紧接“一月革命”之后的“二月镇反”。小说描写了锡城支左部队将造反派打成反革命,将头头关进班房。这时,造反派实际上又一次被剥夺基本人权,又一次被迫争取自己的基本人权。刚刚造反有理了二、三个月,又进入几个月造反无理的时期。
到68年,随着革委会的建立,除了少数上层造反派头头由于种种个性的原因还保留了花瓶功能,多数人已经被镇压下去。作为造反组织,已经基本上不存在;68年之后,在所谓革委会里,作为点缀的也只能是那些有某些背景和特色的“温和造反派”,如小说中的军干子弟史苏星和调干生周和复等。实际上,全国的情况也大抵如此。真正的老造反,除了能够“通天”的上海、河南等极少数地方之外,都已经镇压下去,很多人甚至被关进监狱或者类似于监狱的地方。文革自68年之后再也没有造反有理的时期了。所以,文革运动的实际逻辑:是从造反无理到造反有理最后归结于造反无理。
我们来看小说中几位主要造反派的下场:
马进——这位毕业于复旦大学的工学院哲学教师、年轻的造反派思想家,在68年被打成反革命,“最终成了饮弹而死的枪毙鬼”。他的“罪状”只是给毛泽东写了一封信反思文革中的“失误”。而在工学院的学生们看来,这是掌握市革会大权的“丘八”们,对怀恨在心的工学院造反派,所作的一种最无法无天、最肆无忌惮的公报私仇。作者极为准确地捕捉到了这个秘密:知识分子造反派头头普遍最早完蛋。
大学生造反派骨干、烈士子女王小燕“失踪”了。
工人造反派领袖中共党员奚大雄,在《人民日报》有关“全国山河一片红”的社论发表后,就在逃亡中以卧轨自尽的方式,告别了人间。
不仅造反者本身下场可悲,支持造反派的干部也同样下场可悲。
小说中市委副书记武遥的下场,就是文革“亮相”干部下场的典型。武遥是个有理想有担当的比较正直的知识分子出身的干部,他后来站到“毛主席革命路线一边”支持造反派,不料却被张春桥点名后打倒并成了“精神病人”。作者写出了其直接的原因,一是他与军队支左办公室主任蔡国柱的矛盾(亮相干部与军队干部的冲突是那时全国普遍状况),二是上层政治斗争的影响和政治交易。但还有一个潜在的却是更深刻的原因,作者没有明确点出,那就是他引起的“官愤”。很多人以为,在中国历史上,“民愤”大的官员是没有好下场的。但却没有意识到,在这个体制内部,“官愤”比“民愤”有大得多的杀伤力。所以,除了纪登奎、马天水等上海和河南的极少数能“通天”的此类干部能够拖延到76年后下台,其余全国各地,能捱过68年的实属幸运,能捱到76年的就极其罕见了。
一直到今天,仍然如此。如果一个领导干部,居然不在党组织的直接领导和部署下自行反腐败,那么即使他被老百姓看成青天大老爷也是没有用的。他引起“官愤”从而下场可悲,几乎是命中注定的。

真相之五:文革暴力更多来自造反派的对立面

否定文革的通常理由之一是文革对人的伤害尤其是文革暴力。对此,一般主流文革叙事的模式是:受四人帮挑唆的造反派对革命干部和知识分子搞“打”、“砸”、“抢”。但小说作者却描述了另一半真相。虽然以作者的年龄,他未必直接经历了那些具体运动,但他却比好些经历过的人们更准确地把握了不同阶段的特点。比如,现在很多文革回忆录,讲到自己受造反派这样那样的迫害,其实他受迫害的时候,造反派或者还没出世,或者本身正受迫害,或者已经被镇压下去了。
文革历史的难以辨析,难就难在造反曾经是个时髦的口号,造反派曾经是个时髦的身份。这就使得文革中对立的两派都曾经在不同时期呼喊过这一口号,或者以此标明身份,而远不像历史上的国共两党那样阵线分明。
作者就注意到了,至少有两种红卫兵,而造反派红卫兵跟“那些热火朝天‘破四旧’的小将们,唱的不是一出戏”。
我们从小说中可以知道,不仅有造反的红卫兵,还有血统论红卫兵;不仅有主要“矛头向上”造当权派反的造反派,也有主要“矛头向下”造知识分子和地富反坏右及其子女反的“造反派”。
通过小说中的客观描写,可以看出,文革暴力及其对人权的剥夺和人身伤害,不仅来自造反派,更来自其对立面——当权派与保守派。
所以,文革灾难,是“文革派”和所谓“反文革派”共同造成的,是造反的人和镇压造反的人共同制造的。而且仔细区分,镇压者造成的灾难更大得多。
作者真实描述了血统论红卫兵在“破四旧”中的普遍暴力行为;描写了这类红卫兵在火车上对出身非红五类的袁世清和孙晨菲大打出手,打得奄奄一息后推下火车致人死命;描写了独立团(保守派)几名凶神恶煞的战士对凌漪的残酷折磨;作者特别描写了“权力者挑动群众斗群众”,例如当权派背后指使完全官办的大中红卫兵和“九一九”工人组织打人;支左办公室主任蔡国柱操纵和指挥的打人及武斗;尤其是,68年及此后,掌权者对造反派的大规模残酷镇压。

当然需要指出,我这里之所以单列出这几点文革真相加以强调,只是因为它们为以往主流文革叙事所忽略或遮蔽。这既不是作者揭示的全部文革真相,也并非文革的全部事实。这是不应该引起误解的。
还应当指出的是,小说叙事虽然与一般的官式叙事不同,但也并非是完全反官方叙事的。作者力图客观地描写文革造反和造反派,但他并没有完全站在当年造反派的立场上描写其对立面。对于温和造反派和文革保守派,对于走资派和介入文革的军人,都做了比较客观地描写。比如,小说中的早期保守派头头学生会主席邵敏,执行“资反路线”的市委陆书记,工人保守派头头朱坤兴,以及支左办公室主任市革会主任蔡国柱等等,所有这些人物都是有血有肉,其思想行为都有其内在和外在依据,一点都不脸谱化。此外,书中对于作为背景的人物--康生和张春桥的描写,则带着明显地贬义,这也是读者很容易注意到的。

出路:民主宪政还是革命?

反思文革,就要反思整个20世纪的中国历史。可以说,20世纪的中国是个革命世纪,而文革则是这个革命大潮的极点和拐点。
对毛泽东一生干的两件事情,与官方肯定前者否定后者的立场不同,作者也许想对第二件事情加以重新认识。我猜作者也许企图在仔细反思和辨析的基础上,肯定文革又否定其弊病和错误,甚至借以启示未来的革命。
作为年轻时曾经的毛主义者和文革亲历者,我理解作者的善意和苦心。但在我看来,文革的失败,是证明了近2千多年历史以造反革命起义来应付和解决社会矛盾是终于没有出路的。造反在被迫被逼这点上也许是“有理”的,但在中国进入现代社会的路经选择与方法上则是“无理”的。
因此,我的想法是,从文革的弊病出发追究一般革命的弊病,并且以为,至今在中国,革命的土壤依然如此肥沃,避免革命最好能成为官方与民间当下的共识。
出路是宪政民主,不是革命造反。这也许是我与作者在反思文革解读当今时的不同之处?

-----------------------------------------------------------
作者简介:张小金,男,1948年生。厦门大学哲学系教授,厦门大学学报编委、福建省辩证唯物主义研究会副会长。出版专著《经济开放的非经济效益》、《德国古典哲学的终结》、《对外开放与社会转型》、《资本论与科学研究方法》等4部;合著《外商投资的经济社会效益评价》等十几部;多次获国家级省部级社科优秀成果奖。
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发送 QQ 消息给 witty
默认 多年前在《华夏文摘》首发意见征求稿后收到的读者来信

A Few Letters from the Readers of My Novel

Date: 21 April 1997 1055
From: Hubert Gu
To: Xian Yuan Li
Subject: Good Job
Hi, Mr. Li.
As a youngster, I experienced that crazy period of time. I love your novel. I guess you also personally experienced that period of time. Such a big event can not be simply labeled as "power struggle" at the top level. It is also necessary to reflect what people at all level in the society were doing and thinking at that time.

Among the stories I read about that time, yours is the one which the most truly describes the society and makes the reader think more about the reason of that crazyness.

Thank you again for your exercellent work and your generousness of sharing it with public. Hope we can get more chance to discuss about this topic.

Sincerely
Gu, Hongtao

====================================================================

Date: Mon, 5 May 97 1610 EDT
From: XIA
To: cu508@torfree.net
Subject: Thank You for Your Novel

Dear Mr. Li,

My wife and I would like to say a lot of Thank Yous to your novel published by "Hua Xia Wei Zhai". We are so anxiously to wait for reading the rest half of your book. We are from Shanghai and at the ages of nearly 50.

Sincerely reader yours,
George Xia and Lily Xin

Date: 16 May 1997 1230 +1100
From: SongPing Zhu
To: "Mr. Li"
Subject: Comments

Dear Mr. Li,

I have, with great interest, read your novel recently published on HXWZ. I can not help sending you this message and congratulating you for creating such a wonderful piece work, which is rarely seen among all the novels using the Cultural Revolution as its or part of its background. For someone like me who doesn't usually comment on the articles published on HXWZ (in fact, I have
never done this before), your novel certainly caught my emotion, particularly the first few chapters.

It is a well-done piece of work and I look forward to seeing it on the market in the near future. I am sure that it will be a very popular book.

Regards,

A Reader.

==================================================================================

On Wed, 14 May 1997, Qisu Zou wrote:

Dr. Mr. Li,

I am deeply attracted by your novel, I think it is the first one about the Cultural Revolution to have such a grand scale, realistic description, lively characters, and description of the emotions of the people involved.

I have some commments on some details:

(1) In the paragranph about professor Gao, it says that Liu was his Ph.D student. At that time, Chinese Universities did not have Ph.D or Masters degree. Only graduate student.

(2) In the speech of Shao Ming during the event of broadcasting station in the University, she mentioned "Plaque's Spring", which occured in 1968, and could not have been known at 1966.

(3) To my knowledge, The antithetical doublet "father and son" was first heard publically when Peng Xiaomun of Bei da Fu Jong made a speech in the debat meeting in Beida on 7/25/66 and 7/26/? (I was present at the debat), it seemed that the doublet first appered in Bei Da Fu Jong.

(4) The novel mentioned the meeting in the People's Great Hall on activists of cultural revolution. I think it worth to describe a scene in the meeting, at the end of the meeting, Mao came out from the back and caused a sensation in the attandance and Liu Shaoqi was very scared and backing up. Zhou was working together with Mao.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: Thu, 15 May 1997 16:59:58 -0400 (EDT)
From: Xian Yuan Li
To: Qisu Zou
Cc: Ming Yang Xu , cu508@torfree.net
Subject: Re: novel

Zou Qisu:

I feel greatly benefitial from your comments. For a communication comfort, I am attaching a Chinese file as my reply. Also, I Cc to HXWZ's editor Xu Ming Yang for keeping him advised on your valuable feedback.

Wish to get more from you.

Many thanks!

Li Xian Yuan

==================================================================================

Date: Wed, 21 May 1997 08:25:52 +0200 (MET DST)
From: Xiao-Ping Li
To: CND
Subject: Thank you very much!!

Dear Mr. Li,

Thank you very much for writing a very interesting, but may be
as memorial noval for our past history.

Best regards

Xiao-Ping Li

=================================================================================

On Sun, 18 May 1997 XiaZhang@aol.com wrote:

Dear Mr. Li,

Your novel is the best I have ever seen for Cultral Revelution. The best is
your ability to describ everything so smoothly and plainly and so vividly at
same time.

I have some suggestions. In a few chapters, you add a few sections (only
very little) of "comments by the auther". Those failed really badly. It
reminded me that I was reading a novel, and everything I was reading is just
one view from one auther, may or may not be the true. I believe without
those I will be more deeply sucked into the the story. Similarly, sections
commenting from people of current time caused same problem. I suggest to
remove all those sections and make the whole novel reads like from that time.
(This still allows you to add some analysis, but try to make it not obvious
that it is hind-sight). Maybe due to sections that were cut off, the later
chapters seemed wrote not as good as the earlier ones. For examples, even
these chapters described the story well, they lacks some good describtions of character's thinking and emotions.

Again, I congratulate you for your great work. I would like to see it
further polished and published soon. I am looking forward to reading the
full version as early as possible.

Yours,

Xia Zhang

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: Mon, 19 May 1997 01:22:17 -0400 (EDT)
From: Xian Yuan Li
To: XiaZhang@aol.com
Cc: Jianhua Wang
Subject: Re: your novel

Xia Zhang:

Thank you for your valuable suggestion worth serious consideration.
I'll appreciate your specifying those bad commentary sections, as I am
quite aware of too many (not "very little") comments in my work according to normal standard. As a matter of fact, I am anxiously to see to which degree readers would tolerate them. You are the first person who has raised the issue I most concern. I wish, after reading all chapters, you could advise me which sections must go, which of them I may still maintain without big harm.

Thank you again for your comments.

Li Xian Yuan

========================================================================




Date: Mon, 19 May 1997 2144 -0700
From: Jianhua Wang
To: Xian Yuan Li
Subject: Re: your novel (fwd)


Dear Mr Li:

I just got your message and thank you for your paying attention to my
comment on .

I am sorry that my reply is written in English since I am very busy in
my work in a company and besides, a math journal is urging me to finish
one of my manuscripts to be submitted as soon as possible.

I am going to write a detail comment in chinese to you next week. Here,
I'd like to simply talk about the comment provided as above.

I disagree Mr Zhang's opinion that in some chapters you wrote too more
words that were used in Cutural Revolution or you applied the thinking
or feeling in that time. This, I think, is just your good and
peculiar feature compared with other novels describing CR. This is just
one of my viewpoint left in my letter to . Just for this
reason, your novel has the value to research for the history of CR in
the current and future ages. In this case, people who are studying CR can use the content of your novel as a raw material(objective).

I pointed out in my letter a famous novel entitled "Sishuiweinan",
"Baofengyuqian" and "Dabo" by Li jiren who just used the thinking and
language in that time to depict the large situation in Sichuan, Chengdu
during the last twenty years of Qing Dynasty won its great value for
people studying that history in Chinese modern novels.

Your novel has a very tightknit plot, and as a result it is quite
attractive. Of course, this is just because you take the truth of life
into your novel. CR itself was a very gorgeous and startling play.
Some authors coined the story and thought that it could attract readers.
Instead, as they were false, they are not beautiful and want
the strength of a profound impression.

Basicaly, I feel that the development after the eighth chapter is normal
and natural. But I didn't think that you would choose "Hongqi tuan" as
a sample of the rebeling Red Guard organizations in high schools. Because
as I know, in general, these children of Army's cadres always joined into
and standed the conservative organizations that is no wonder. Just these
so-called "Zhentong" Red Guards committed a lot of sins to chinese
people. In fact, they should take part in "Dazhong Bing", a governmental
Red Guard organization in your novel. Maybe, this was an exception in
Wuxi(I guess that "Xi" city means Wuxi). However, it is not a typical
sample of comman rebeling Red Guard organizations in high schools.
Therefore, it is easy to let readers misunderstand the history of CR.

In our city, basically the situation of earlier CR was controled by the
undergraduates from more than ten Univs and colleges. The spear-head of
Red Guards of these undergraduates directed to the local government
rather than the low-level people. This was just an important difference
between the rebels and conservatives. Your novel reflects such the simple
and well-known in CR time fact, which is valuable if we compare it with
a number of novels describing CR. This is just that I gave a bad credit
to the novel by Zhangyong and the picture scripted
by Guhua and directed by Xiejing.

Finally, let me talk about some other opinions for your novel. I feel
that
some characters are not impressive to readers(In this point, I somewhat
agree Mr Zhang's opinion). Their personals and features may probably be
deepen, especially e.g. a lovely girl, Xiaoyan Wang, her life, her
affection. This character is impressive in the earlier eight chapters
but afterward she becomes plainful. So far(Ninteenth chapter), the most
succeesful character is the rebeling leader of workers, Qidaxiong. But
his lover, Lingyi almost disappears. The lady is also another succeesful
character. The yong girl, Shishuxing, I think, was wrongly placed in the
organization consisting of the children of Army's cadres although her
feature is striking. I take liberty to suggest that you strengthen
Wuyao's feature. By him, you can explore a pretty insight within the
governmental officers. The describing cadres' activities in CR is just
a piece of white paper. Hold on it!

As to language, I think that this is the short of your novel. A
masterpiece of novel is always good at its language and dialogue. Maybe,
this is a base of writing as an excellent novelist. Do you consider to
add some vivid dialects(a small amount enough) in your modification of
the novel and appropriately cut off some superluous sentences extracted
from the editorials of the newspapers in CR although they are very
precious for readers to understand the roles' behaviors? By the way, I
also wish you to add some necessary custom depicting for Xi city. For,
it will enhance the infectious power and reality to readers.

Your masterpiece not only lets me recall the real life in CR but also
has me recall the life when I was employed in a geology institute at
Nanjing during 1975-1978. During that period, I frequently went to Wuxi
and her beautiful landscape was impressive in my heart. After reading
your book, I found that such a good place was in a terrible storm.

Good luck.

Yu Ren



Date: Fri, 23 May 1997 10:52:00 -0600 (MDT)
From: Qisu Zou
To: cu508@torfree.net
Subject: novel

cu508@torfree.net

Dear Mr. Li,

I have finished the reading of the novel, and have some more thoughts. Thank you for the wonderful novel.

Qisu Zou

(1) In chap. 22, it says: "Huo Xian Liang Xiang", "this form seems to mimic the most antirevolution, the most reactional form of the wast", it sounds unreasonable from any point of stand.

(2) In chap. 27, the author appeared in the novel as a witness in the scene of the execution of Ma Jun. It is inconsistent with the style of the novel. It is better to keep it as a novel. You can use a person in the novel to describe the feeling.

(3) Near the end of the Cultural Revolution, there is also a wave of thought to criticize the whole principal and practice of the Cultural Revolution. A typical example is the big character poster by Li Yi Zhe, "Socialist Democracy and Law System", which reflected deeper thinking. I feel the novel can mention the trend and development in this direction.

(4) Although the rebels had been persecuted almost through out the cultural revolution, but as a result of their fight, the attitude of communist officials towards the mass had been softened greatly after the Cultural Revolution, and the absolute control of the communist party over the people had been shattered. Do you think it is worthwhile to point it out in the novel?

(5) The novel also mentioned the movement to purge the "5.16 elements". This was a wide-spread persecution, but it has been quite mysterious. Can the novel provide more background and more stories related to the characters in the novel?


(6) Do you believe that Chairman Mao really wanted to give the people some means to expose the dark aspects of the society? Did he care about the people's rights to criticize the officials?
The novel seems to think so. But I don't think so, because Almost anyone who posted to criticize Mao, Lin Bio, Zhou Enlai, members of the Cultural Revolution Group or any member of the "Proletarian Headquarter" was persecuted, treated as counter-revolutionary.

Of course, it is very difficult to guess Mao's real thought, but we can let facts speak.
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旧 May 14th, 2010, 17:39     #6
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默认 你不是指责别人凡事妄断尔辈的动机吗?却硬加我推销小说之动机。

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那是扯蛋.

小说可以有真实性, 对历史的描写, 比如你不能说红卫兵用电脑打游戏, 他只能用旧试电话机.

但这样的真实性不能去否认别人经历过饿死人或随意打死人的事实.这属于风马牛不相及.

因此, witty先生要清楚, 在这里是想推销小说, 还是想讨论历史事实.
可惜,不仅我手头仅剩下四五本拙书,而且我在翻译英文过程中,又发觉很多不尽人意之处。英文版改了,中文再版时也须修改之后,与读者见面时我才会觉得心里更舒畅。

请紧扣张小金先生所评论的文革历史最重要部分发表你的否定性意见,而不要乱扯“红卫兵用电脑或电话机打游戏”之类无稽之谈。
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旧 May 14th, 2010, 17:42     #7
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默认

引用:
作者: 宋祖德 查看帖子
"From: Hubert Gu
To: Xian Yuan Li
Subject: Good Job
Hi, Mr. Li.
As a youngster, I experienced that crazy period of time. I love your novel. I gu...
你的英文太差劲了,人家是说,他以一个年轻人的身份经历了那个疯狂的时期……
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旧 May 14th, 2010, 17:57     #8
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默认

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作者: GOOODGUY 查看帖子
大腕一致肯定????大腕都是谁? 你如何定义“大腕”?
在你眼里,是否“民运三朝元老”陈子明、新左派“旗手”汪晖、因家庭受迫害而对文革耿耿于怀的《格瓦拉》剧作者黄纪苏、北大怪才孔庆东等,都算不了“大腕”(因为腕都没你大)?

拙书描述的已在网上广泛流传10余年之久的文革故事(原名《干枯风流请》),左中右思想阵营中,迄无一人撰文指出“是歪曲了历史”,却要靠你想象期盼中的“某个法官”来驳回,你不觉得自己的思路很奇特古怪吗?

全世界有哪个法官,能比本作者更客观全面了解文革历史真相?请给提示——不过得有相关证据和旁证者哦。
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旧 May 14th, 2010, 18:36     #9
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默认

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也许他经历过,但是他当时有几岁? 生在1970年的人,也可以说他经历了, 退一步说即使某人经历了某事,也不一定看得到该事情的本质,也许他看到的只不过是一些皮毛的表现,甚至假象! 被人欺骗了,还跑出来替人证明的事历史上还少吗?


yours is the one which the most ...
“生在1970年的人,也可以说他经历了……”——这就是尔等习惯的做法吧?这样以己度人不好。

没说即使某人经历了某事,就一定看得到该事情的本质;而只是证明现实主义作品“即使是作者没有亲历的虚构,素不相识的读者也会有似曾相识的感觉,甚至会跟他们亲身经历过的事情重合”之事实。

按照尔等信奉的“个人利益最大化”铁则,诸多素昧平生的读者,违背国内外主流文革定论发信拍我马屁,自觉受我欺骗,有必要么?
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旧 May 14th, 2010, 18:47     #10
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也希望你能具体反驳我说的不对的地方, 不反驳的话就说明你默认了
抱歉,我只驳斥值得一驳的言论;太搞笑的东西,网友们一望而知,犯得着我一一驳斥么?

再说了,舌战群儒,尔等也该有些“儒”的起码素质。再这么不着调地跟我来玩这类超低水平的“车轮大战”,就恕不奉陪了。

毕竟,本人在中文网络和中国思想界的文字公信力,并不需要尔等在华枫追加任何公证鉴定。去年回国一趟,左、中、右三界的素无谋面的朋友们,都会请我去,或讲演,或做客,或商讨……。
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旧 May 14th, 2010, 19:09     #11
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默认 我强调的“似曾相识”跟你说的“似曾相识”是同一含意么?

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“尔等”什么意思你不会不知道,你用这个词说明了你心里有点“急”了,呵呵。 告诉你,你不必要用“尔等”,因为不存在你所幻想的“尔等”,每个人都只是自己的看法而已。


那句话是我举例,叫做例证,用来证明一种“可能性”, 不是说我肯定那个人是生于那年。 “例证”是逻辑方法你不会不懂吧,


...
[big]为防网络匿名者的无耻无赖,请按对等原则,像王军涛、陈子明、王怡等右翼大腕,使用真实姓名与身份再来跟我开讨论吧。否则不要怪我不理不睬——像你这等匿名小卒,其实真不配跟我来过招。

在自称“总统”者正式发来电视辩论邀请前,郑重考虑有无必要回复尔等叨絮。

说实在,尔等鼓吹的那一套,曾是本人89年出国左转前向当时年轻人竭力灌输的东西。跟我这新右前辈来辩论这方面的是非,尔等也太嫩了一点![/big]
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旧 May 14th, 2010, 19:29     #12
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默认 偶弹一小指而已,不必夸大其词。

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1. 你以前不是整天追在我后面要跟我辩论吗? 你不是口口声声说你驳得我体无完肤吗?现在怎么嫌别人是小卒? 呵呵, 其实你也不必要用什么“无耻无赖小卒”这些词给自己壮威,那些字眼只会折射你内心的虚弱,和逻辑上的无助。

2. 按照老毛的实事求是观点,你应该老老实实回答我上面的问题...
况且时过境迁,以前你我都是匿名发言也就算了;如今以我真实身份,陪你这样的无名小卒玩,岂不丢份?
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旧 May 14th, 2010, 19:38     #13
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您可以继续自我陶醉,我们可以继续看您的表演。呵呵。不过总统已经给您发了两次PM,电视访谈不是随便说去就可以的,必须要联系您本人(而不是未体网名),商谈访谈话题,文稿,文本,保险,试镜等等程序,您什么都不给我,我怎么给您联系?


忍不住再揭穿味体先生一个可笑可怜的地方。此人口口声声社会主义人民...
我接触的“人民群众”,无论在国内同胞还是华枫的太极弟兄姐妹们,都是有名有姓的。北京农大著名挂职县委副书记之博士生何慧丽,遥我去兰考县教授农民大妈大伯打太极拳期间,老生就直接住到充满化肥气味的有名有姓的农民家里去了。

历来看不起的“匿名小卒”专指那些躲在网络面具下张牙舞爪的角色;当然了,如果你真愿出面亮相,联系电视直播辩论之事,可以把你划出GG、假宋祖德等辈之列。
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旧 May 14th, 2010, 20:02     #14
witty
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默认 你谈这些太早了——复President2004

李宪原先生。请pm我你的联系方式,我很有兴趣和你作电视辩论(访谈节目形式)。

您用最简单的逻辑想想看,如果Email可以的话,我为什么不能直接和您PM 联系呢?

电视节目制作成本很高,光需要签署的文件和需要准备的文本就是几个文件夹。所以不可能在你身份都无法确定的情况下就为您开始工作。我想这您应该能理解。

您希望讨论的话题,和可以成行的时间,可先通知我。我需要去台上申请,看是否有讨论价值。
————————————————————————————————

请明告你的身份,先拟定辩论话题经你、我和电视台的三方认可后,再谈其它吧。

如想查验本人身份证,可带上五频道的授权书和自己的身份证,约时间到多伦多推手俱乐部来会我,并商议相关事宜。
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旧 May 14th, 2010, 20:36     #15
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默认 你我对起码做人道理的理解有本质区别

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作者: President2004 查看帖子
再告诉您一个做人的常识,我PM 你的文字(PM == personal message),未经过我个人同意,你是不能公开发表的。别一把年纪了,起码的做人道理都不懂。

请提供加拿大推手俱乐部的联系方式,我去核实。届时你会知道谁在和你联系。
对于一切只关公共话题、无涉个人隐私的网络通讯,都该随时公开,提高透明度,防止任何形式的暗箱操作。
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